Russia is one of the world's most sparsely populated and urbanized countries. Russia also called Russian Federation(Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, Rossiya) is a country stretches over Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia population in 2024 is estimated to be 146.74 million, covering area over 17,125,191 sq km (6,612,073 sq mi), It is the largest country in the world and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's area. Once it was republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R., popularly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Most of the population is concentrated in European region of the country surrounding Russia capital is Moscow and the popular cities include St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Samara and Ufa. The population is also spread across the Asia regions of cities such as Vladivostok and Irkutsk. Russia region has a total of 11 time zones and incorporating rivers, landforms from deserts to deep forests, Volga is Europe's longest river and its largest lake, Ladoga. Baikal is the world's deepest lake. There are more than 120 ethnic groups present in Russia, with diverse, religions and cultural traditions. Russia is bordered by 14 countries, Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, and Ukraine and also shares maritime borders with Japan, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States.
Population Indicators | |
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Fertility Rate | 1.8 |
Russia Population Indicators
Fertility rate is 1.8 births per woman in 2017.
Year | Population |
---|---|
1960 | 119,897,000 |
1965 | 126,745,000 |
1970 | 130,404,000 |
1975 | 134,200,000 |
1980 | 139,010,000 |
1985 | 143,858,000 |
1990 | 147,969,407 |
1995 | 148,375,787 |
2000 | 146,596,869 |
2005 | 143,518,814 |
2010 | 142,849,468 |
2015 | 144,096,870 |
2020 | 144,104,080 |
Russia is the world's eleventh-largest economy by nominal GDP , It has a mixed economy, with enormous natural resources of oil and natural gas, In 2016, the oil and gas sector accounted for 36% of federal budget revenues. Russia's agriculture sector contributes about 5% of the country's total GDP, labour force of roughly 70 million. It was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits.
Religion in Russia is diverse with Christianity, especially Russian Orthodoxy being the most widely professed faith, other spiritual contribution of the Russian people are Islam, Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Protestant and Buddhism. Orthodox Christian believers constituted 71% of the total population of Russia. Catholicism was the religion practices about 0.1% of the total population, Muslims in Russia were about 6.5% of the population, Buddhism was practiced by 0.5% of the population.
Russian, the most widely spoken language, Russia is a diverse, multiethnic society. There are 35 languages which are considered official languages in various regions of Russia, along with Russian, more than 120 ethnic groups, other 100 minority languages spoken in Russia.
Russia is a country with a low population density with approximately 8.5 people per sq km, compared with Germany 226 people per sq km, and the USA about people per sq km. Russia population in 2023 is estimated to be 146.21 million, population in 2022 is estimated to be 146.5 million, and in 2021 is estimated to be 146 million.
Federal district | Area (sq km) | 2010 census | Federal subjects | Administrative Capital |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central | 650,200 | 38,438,600 | 18 | Moscow |
Northwestern | 1,687,000 | 13,583,800 | 11 | Saint Petersburg |
Southern | 427,800 | 16,141,100 | 8 | Rostov-on-Don |
North Caucasian | 170,400 | 9,496,800 | 7 | Pyatigorsk |
Volga | 1,037,000 | 29,900,400 | 14 | Nizhny Novgorod |
Ural | 1,818,500 | 12,082,700 | 6 | Yekaterinburg |
Siberian | 4,361,800 | 17,178,298 | 10 | Novosibirsk |
Far Eastern | 6,952,600 | 8,371,257 | 11 | Vladivostok |
The Russian Federation constitutionally consists of 85 federal subjects. In 1993, when the current Constitution of Russia was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed. By 2008, the number of federal subjects had been decreased to 83 because of several mergers. In 2014, Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea became the 84th and 85th federal subjects of Russia. These are the constituent entities of Russia, Its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia. Subjects shall have equal rights as constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Russian Federation consists of republics, krais, oblasts and cities, an autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs. Federal subjects shall have their own constitution/charter and legislation. Every subject of the Russian Federation has its own president/governor/head as executive branch, regional parliament as legislative branch and regional constitutional/charter court as higher judicial branch in a region.
Rank | Federal subjects | Population(2021 est.) | Population (2010 Census) | Change(%) | Land area(sq km) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Moscow | 12,636,312 | 11,503,501 | 9.85% | 2,561 |
3 | Krasnodar Krai | 5,689,538 | 5,226,647 | 8.86% | 75,485 |
4 | Saint Petersburg | 5,388,759 | 4,879,566 | 10.44% | 1,403 |
5 | Sverdlovsk Oblast | 4,291,886 | 4,297,747 | -0.14% | 194,307 |
6 | Rostov Oblast | 4,185,233 | 4,277,976 | -2.17% | 100,967 |
7 | Bashkortostan | 4,016,481 | 4,072,292 | -1.37% | 142,947 |
8 | Tatarstan | 3,894,507 | 3,786,488 | 2.85% | 67,847 |
9 | Chelyabinsk Oblast | 3,444,025 | 3,476,217 | -0.93% | 88,529 |
10 | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | 3,177,816 | 3,310,597 | -4.01% | 76,624 |
11 | Samara Oblast | 3,155,390 | 3,215,532 | -1.87% | 53,565 |
12 | Dagestan | 3,132,268 | 2,910,249 | 7.63% | 50,270 |
13 | Krasnoyarsk Krai | 2,857,567 | 2,828,187 | 1.04% | 2,366,797 |
15 | Stavropol Krai | 2,794,625 | 2,786,281 | 0.30% | 66,160 |
15 | Novosibirsk Oblast | 2,786,412 | 2,665,911 | 4.52% | 177,756 |
17 | Perm Krai | 2,580,639 | 2,635,276 | -2.07% | 160,236 |
18 | Volgograd Oblast | 2,476,100 | 2,610,161 | -5.14% | 112,877 |
19 | Saratov Oblast | 2,396,961 | 2,521,892 | -4.95% | 101,240 |
20 | Irkutsk Oblast | 2,375,640 | 2,428,750 | -2.19% | 774,846 |
21 | Voronezh Oblast | 2,307,100 | 2,335,380 | -1.21% | 52,216 |
22 | Altai Krai | 2,296,773 | 2,419,755 | -5.08% | 167,996 |
23 | Orenburg Oblast | 1,945,307 | 2,033,072 | -4.32% | 123,702 |
24 | Omsk Oblast | 1,904,294 | 1,977,665 | -3.71% | 141,140 |
25 | Crimea | 1,903,707 | 1,903,707 | 0.00% | 26,081 |
26 | Leningrad Oblast | 1,894,038 | 1,716,868 | 10.32% | 83,908 |
27 | Primorsky Krai | 1,879,486 | 1,956,497 | -3.94% | 164,673 |
28 | Yugra | 1,688,378 | 1,532,243 | 10.19% | 534,801 |
29 | Belgorod Oblast | 1,543,087 | 1,532,526 | 0.69% | 27,134 |
31 | Chechnya | 1,500,490 | 1,268,989 | 18.24% | 16,165 |
32 | Udmurtia | 1,493,700 | 1,521,420 | -1.82% | 42,061 |
33 | Tula Oblast | 1,450,675 | 1,553,925 | -6.64% | 25,679 |
34 | Vladimir Oblast | 1,343,194 | 1,443,693 | -6.96% | 29,084 |
35 | Khabarovsk Krai | 1,302,918 | 1,343,869 | -3.05% | 787,633 |
36 | Penza Oblast | 1,292,211 | 1,386,186 | -6.78% | 43,352 |
37 | Kirov Oblast | 1,251,182 | 1,341,312 | -6.72% | 120,374 |
38 | Tver Oblast | 1,246,759 | 1,353,392 | -7.88% | 84,201 |
39 | Yaroslavl Oblast | 1,242,356 | 1,272,468 | -2.37% | 36,177 |
40 | Ulyanovsk Oblast | 1,219,240 | 1,292,799 | -5.69% | 37,181 |
41 | Chuvashia | 1,208,806 | 1,251,619 | -3.42% | 18,343 |
43 | Vologda Oblast | 1,151,751 | 1,202,444 | -4.22% | 144,527 |
44 | Lipetsk Oblast | 1,128,181 | 1,173,513 | -3.86% | 24,047 |
45 | Ryazan Oblast | 1,098,998 | 1,154,114 | -4.78% | 39,605 |
46 | Kursk Oblast | 1,098,361 | 1,127,081 | -2.55% | 29,997 |
47 | Arkhangelsk Oblast | 1,083,695 | 1,227,626 | -11.72% | 413,103 |
48 | Tomsk Oblast | 1,070,544 | 1,047,394 | 2.21% | 314,391 |
50 | Kaliningrad Oblast | 1,019,601 | 941,873 | 8.25% | 15,125 |
51 | Kaluga Oblast | 1,000,604 | 1,010,930 | -1.02% | 29,777 |
52 | Astrakhan Oblast | 997,685 | 1,010,073 | -1.23% | 49,024 |
53 | Tambov Oblast | 995,761 | 1,091,994 | -8.81% | 34,462 |
54 | Ivanovo Oblast | 987,694 | 1,061,651 | -6.97% | 21,437 |
55 | Buryatia | 986,132 | 972,021 | 1.45% | 351,334 |
56 | Yakutia | 984,703 | 958,528 | 2.73% | 3,083,523 |
57 | Smolensk Oblast | 921,620 | 985,537 | -6.49% | 49,779 |
58 | Kabardino-Balkaria | 870,197 | 859,939 | 1.19% | 12,470 |
59 | Kurgan Oblast | 819,299 | 910,807 | -10.05% | 71,488 |
60 | Komi Republic | 813,859 | 901,189 | -9.69% | 416,774 |
61 | Amur Oblast | 781,850 | 830,103 | -5.81% | 361,908 |
62 | Mordovia | 779,573 | 834,755 | -6.61% | 26,128 |
63 | Murmansk Oblast | 733,158 | 795,409 | -7.83% | 144,902 |
64 | Oryol Oblast | 725,725 | 786,935 | -7.78% | 24,652 |
65 | North Ossetia–Alania | 693,449 | 712,980 | -2.74% | 7,987 |
66 | Mari El | 676,184 | 696,459 | -2.91% | 23,375 |
67 | Kostroma Oblast | 628,972 | 667,562 | -5.78% | 60,211 |
68 | Pskov Oblast | 621,028 | 673,423 | -7.78% | 55,399 |
69 | Karelia | 609,439 | 643,548 | -5.30% | 180,520 |
70 | Novgorod Oblast | 593,232 | 634,111 | -6.45% | 54,501 |
71 | YaNAO | 547,111 | 522,904 | 4.63% | 769,250 |
72 | Khakassia | 532,266 | 532,403 | -0.03% | 61,569 |
73 | Ingushetia | 515,970 | 412,529 | 25.07% | 3,628 |
74 | Sevastopol | 513,149 | 513,149 | 0.00% | 864 |
75 | Sakhalin Oblast | 485,627 | 497,973 | -2.48% | 87,101 |
76 | Karachay-Cherkessia | 465,592 | 477,859 | -2.57% | 14,277 |
77 | Adygea | 463,091 | 439,996 | 5.25% | 7,792 |
78 | Tuva | 330,327 | 307,930 | 7.27% | 168,604 |
79 | Kamchatka Krai | 311,985 | 322,079 | -3.13% | 464,275 |
80 | Kalmykia | 270,139 | 289,481 | -6.68% | 74,731 |
81 | Altai Republic | 221,050 | 206,168 | 7.22% | 92,903 |
82 | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | 156,492 | 176,558 | -11.37% | 36,271 |
83 | Magadan Oblast | 138,991 | 156,996 | -11.47% | 462,464 |
84 | Chukotka | 49,300 | 50,526 | -2.43% | 721,481 |
85 | Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 44,404 | 42,090 | 5.50% | 176,810 |
Total | Russian Federation | 146,238,185 | 142,856,536 | 2.37% | 17,125,191 |
Geographically, Russia consists of two parts, European Russia and Asian Russia. Regions of Russia is divided into Central, European North, North-West, European South (Northern Caucasus), the Volga region and the Ural region as part of European Russia. Asian Russia consists of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Asian Russia is larger than European Russia, but the population is small. In European Russia area is smaller but larger proportion of population.
Region | область | Areas | Cities | Intra-urban areas, city districts | Urban-type settlements | Rural settlements |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russian Federation | Российская Федерация | 1865 | 1100 | 327 | 1286 | 153124 |
Central Federal District | Центральный федеральный округ | 421 | 310 | 68 | 321 | 59762 |
Belgorod region | Белгородская область | 21 | 11 | 2 | 18 | 1574 |
Bryansk region | Брянская область | 27 | 16 | 4 | 24 | 2633 |
Vladimir region | Владимирская область | 16 | 23 | 3 | 9 | 2495 |
Voronezh region | Воронежская область | 31 | 15 | 6 | 21 | 1717 |
Ivanovo region | Ивановская область | 21 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 3018 |
Kaluga region | Калужская область | 24 | 22 | 3 | 10 | 3177 |
Kostroma region | Костромская область | 24 | 12 | - | 7 | 3490 |
Kursk region | Курская область | 28 | 10 | 3 | 22 | 2770 |
Lipetsk region | Липецкая область | 18 | 8 | 4 | - | 1600 |
Moscow region | Московская область | 38 | 80 | - | 72 | 6124 |
Oryol Region | Орловская область | 24 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 2922 |
Ryazan Oblast | Рязанская область | 25 | 12 | 4 | 22 | 2746 |
Smolensk region | Смоленская область | 25 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 4851 |
Tambov Region | Тамбовская область | 23 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 1638 |
Tver region | Тверская область | 36 | 23 | 4 | 28 | 9532 |
Tula region | Тульская область | 23 | 19 | 5 | 25 | 3436 |
Yaroslavskaya oblast | Ярославская область | 17 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 6039 |
Moscow city | г. Москва | - | 1 | 10 | - | - |
Northwestern Federal District | Северо-Западный федеральный округ | 157 | 146 | 34 | 142 | 29618 |
Republic of Karelia | Республика Карелия | 15 | 13 | - | 11 | 776 |
Komi Republic | Республика Коми | 12 | 10 | 1 | 29 | 720 |
Arkhangelsk region | Архангельская область | 22 | 14 | 9 | 20 | 3970 |
Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Ненецкий автономный округ | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 41 |
Vologodskaya Oblast | Вологодская область | 26 | 15 | - | 9 | 8006 |
Kaliningrad region | Калининградская область | 15 | 22 | 3 | 4 | 1073 |
Leningrad region | Ленинградская область | 17 | 31 | - | 32 | 2882 |
Murmansk region | Мурманская область | 5 | 16 | 3 | 12 | 112 |
Novgorod region | Новгородская область | 21 | 10 | - | 11 | 3728 |
Pskov region | Псковская область | 24 | 14 | - | 14 | 8351 |
St. Petersburg | г. Санкт-Петербург | - | 1 | 18 | - | - |
Southern Federal District | Южный федеральный округ | 145 | >79 | 32 | 49 | 6371 |
Republic of Adygea | Республика Адыгея | 7 | 2 | - | 5 | 225 |
Republic of Kalmykia | Республика Калмыкия | 13 | 3 | - | - | 262 |
Krasnodar region | Краснодарский край | 38 | 26 | 12 | 12 | 1725 |
Astrakhan region | Астраханская область | 11 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 428 |
Volgograd region | Волгоградская область | 33 | 19 | 8 | 18 | 1465 |
Rostov region | Ростовская область | 43 | 23 | 8 | 7 | 2266 |
North Caucasian Federal District | Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ | 114 | 56 | 18 | 36 | 3322 |
The Republic of Dagestan | Республика Дагестан | 41 | 10 | 3 | 19 | 1588 |
The Republic of Ingushetia | Республика Ингушетия | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 118 |
Kabardino-Balkar Republic | Кабардино-Балкарская Республика | 10 | 8 | - | 2 | 169 |
Karachay-Cherkess Republic | Карачаево-Черкесская Республика | 10 | 4 | - | 7 | 138 |
Republic of North Ossetia - Alania | Республика Северная Осетия – Алания | 8 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 215 |
Chechen Republic | Чеченская Республика | 15 | 5 | 4 | - | 359 |
Stavropol region | Ставропольский край | 26 | 19 | 3 | 7 | 735 |
Volga Federal District | Приволжский федеральный округ | 446 | 198 | 77 | 271 | 34042 |
Republic of Bashkortostan | Республика Башкортостан | 54 | 21 | 7 | 2 | 4532 |
Mari El Republic | Республика Марий Эл | 14 | 4 | - | 15 | 1597 |
The Republic of Mordovia | Республика Мордовия | 22 | 7 | 3 | 14 | 1250 |
Republic of Tatarstan | Республика Татарстан | 43 | 22 | 7 | 18 | 3073 |
Udmurtia | Удмуртская Республика | 25 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1961 |
Chuvash Republic | Чувашская Республика | 21 | 9 | 3 | - | 1720 |
Perm Territory | Пермский край | 33 | 25 | 7 | 30 | 3644 |
Kirov region | Кировская область | 39 | 18 | 4 | 41 | 4320 |
Nizhny Novgorod Region | Нижегородская область | 47 | 28 | 8 | 59 | 4762 |
Orenburg region | Оренбургская область | 35 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 1707 |
Penza region | Пензенская область | 27 | 11 | 4 | 16 | 1419 |
Samara Region | Самарская область | 27 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 1309 |
Saratov region | Саратовская область | 38 | 18 | 6 | 27 | 1778 |
Ulyanovsk region | Ульяновская область | 21 | 6 | 4 | 29 | 970 |
Ural federal district | Уральский федеральный округ | 119 | 115 | 26 | 75 | 5816 |
Kurgan region | Курганская область | 24 | 9 | - | 6 | 1220 |
Sverdlovsk region | Свердловская область | 30 | 47 | 12 | 27 | 1840 |
Tyumen region | Тюменская область | 38 | 29 | 4 | 29 | 1512 |
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra | Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра | 9 | 16 | - | 24 | 165 |
Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region | Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ | 7 | 8 | - | 5 | 79 |
Chelyabinsk region | Челябинская область | 27 | 30 | 10 | 13 | 1244 |
Siberian Federal District | Сибирский федеральный округ | 321 | 130 | >62 | 226 | 11464 |
Altai Republic | Республика Алтай | 10 | 1 | - | - | 245 |
The Republic of Buryatia | Республика Бурятия | 21 | 6 | 3 | 14 | 613 |
Tyva Republic | Республика Тыва | 17 | 5 | - | 1 | 144 |
The Republic of Khakassia | Республика Хакасия | 8 | 5 | - | 8 | 264 |
Altai region | Алтайский край | 60 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1598 |
Zabaykalsky Krai | Забайкальский край | 31 | 10 | 4 | 41 | 750 |
Krasnoyarsk region | Красноярский край | 44 | 23 | 10 | 40 | 1700 |
Irkutsk region | Иркутская область | 33 | 22 | 7 | 54 | 1488 |
Kemerovo region | Кемеровская область | 19 | 20 | 14 | 23 | 1073 |
Novosibirsk region | Новосибирская область | 30 | 14 | 10 | 17 | 1534 |
Omsk region | Омская область | 32 | 6 | 5 | 21 | 1476 |
Tomsk region | Томская область | 16 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 579 |
Far Eastern Federal District | Дальневосточный федеральный округ | 142 | 66 | 10 | 166 | 2729 |
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | Республика Саха (Якутия) | 34 | 13 | - | 42 | 586 |
Kamchatka Krai | Камчатский край | 11 | 3 | - | 3 | 82 |
Primorsky Krai | Приморский край | 22 | 12 | 5 | 30 | 617 |
Khabarovsk region | Хабаровский край | 17 | 7 | 5 | 24 | 427 |
Amurskaya Oblast | Амурская область | 20 | 9 | - | 18 | 602 |
Magadan Region | Магаданская область | 8 | 2 | - | 28 | 55 |
Sakhalin Region | Сахалинская область | 17 | 15 | - | 5 | 223 |
Jewish Autonomous Region | Еврейская автономная область | 5 | 2 | - | 11 | 99 |
Chukotka Autonomous District | Чукотский автономный округ | 8 | 3 | - | 5 | 38 |
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