São Tomé and Príncipe is an island country of Central Africa, located on the Equator in the Gulf of Guinea, around 250 km northwestern coast of Gabon, consists of two main islands São Tomé and Príncipe about 150 km apart, and several rocky islets, including Rôlas, south of São Tomé island, and Pedras, Caroço and Tinhosas. Sao Tome and Principe is a former Portuguese colony, gained independence in 1975. Sao Tome and Principe population in 2024 is estimated to be 238,253, covers country area of 1,001 sq km (386 sq mi), the island of São Tomé has an area of about 850 sq km, Príncipe Island extends over 300 sq km, ranks one-hundred-seventy-first country by area and the one-hundred-eighty-first most populous country in the world. Its capital is São Tomé. Country code is STP, Life expectancy of Sao Tome and Principe is 68.79 years for male and 71.99 years for female. Sao Tome and Principe official language is Portuguese.
Below table is the population of Sao Tome and Principe from 1960 to 2020:| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 64,294 |
| 1965 | 64,884 |
| 1970 | 74,570 |
| 1975 | 83,134 |
| 1980 | 95,788 |
| 1985 | 104,926 |
| 1990 | 119,211 |
| 1995 | 131,679 |
| 2000 | 142,264 |
| 2005 | 157,472 |
| 2010 | 180,372 |
| 2015 | 199,439 |
| 2020 | 219,161 |
Sao Tome and Principe population in 1960 is 64,294, by 1970 the population is increased by 10,276 totaling to 74,570, by 1980 the population is increased to 95,788, and by 1990 the total increase of 119,211 in 30 years from 1960 to 1990 resulting to 119,211. From 1990 to 2000, population increased by 23,053 to 142,264, and from 2000 to 2010 the population of Sao Tome and Principe increase by 38,108 with a change of 26.79 percent and increase of population from 2010 to 2020 by 38,789 with a change of 21.51 percent and make up to 219,161. According to ine, Sao Tome and Principe population in 2020 estimates is 210,240. Sao Tome and Principe is a former Portuguese colony, gained independence in 1975. Sao Tome and Principe population in 2023 is estimated to be 222,014, population in 2022 is estimated to be 218,234, and Population of Sao Tome and Principe in 2021 is estimated as 214,233.
São Tomé and Príncipe is divided into seven districts:
| District | Capital | Area (Sq km) | Population (2012 census) | Population 2018 estimate |
| Água Grande | São Tomé | 16.5 | 69,772 | 77,700 |
| Cantagalo | Santana | 119.0 | 17,169 | 19,400 |
| Caué | São João dos Angolares | 267.0 | 6,062 | 7,200 |
| Lembá | Neves | 229.5 | 14,676 | 16,300 |
| Lobata | Guadalupe | 105.0 | 19,414 | 22,000 |
| Mé-Zóchi | Trindade | 122.0 | 44,763 | 50,800 |
| Autonomous Region of Príncipe (Pagué) | Santo António | 142.0 | 7,344 | 8,420 |
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